has been Executive Director for Italy, Albania, Greece, Malta, Portugal and San Marino since November 2014. He was Commissioner for Public Spending Reform from October 2013 to October 2014. After receiving degrees in economics from the University of Siena and the London School of Economics, he joined the Research Department of the Bank of Italy where he worked from 1981 to 1987 in the Monetary and Financial Sector Division. After working for about one year as head of the Economic Research Department of ENI (the main Italian energy company), Mr. Cottarelli joined the IMF where he worked in different departments and capacities from 1988 to 2013, including as Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department from 2008 to 2013.