During the COVID-19 emergency and until further notice, the exam format and rules will be modified as follows. Please READ THEM CAREFULLY.

Exam format
The exam paper is made of three sections. Sections 1 and 2 are two essay-type questions, Section 3 is an exercise. In answering the question in Section 1, there is no word limit. In answering the question in Section 2, there is a word limit of 250 words; figures and formulae do not count in the word count.

The overall average grade is the weighted average of the grades for each section; the answer to Section 1 has a weight equal to 40% and the answers to Sections 2 and 3 have a weight equal to 30%.

To pass the exam, a student need: 1) an overall average grade above 18, 2) a grade above 18 in at least two sections. If a student satisfies the above two conditions, his/her final grade is equal to the overall average grade, with an overall average grade above 30 being equal to 30 cum laude.

Allocated time: 90 minutes

Exam rules
The exam will be in written format and administered from remote using Microsoft Teams; please make sure that you have a valid login.

During the exam, you will need a laptop with a functioning camera and microphone. You will also need your smartphone with CamScanner (or any equivalent scan or camera app) installed; please familiarize with the app in advance. If you cannot use a smartphone, please inform me well in advance.

Before the exam, those who have registered for the exam will be invited to join the exam on Microsoft Teams.

On the day of the exam, you have to join the exam on Microsoft Teams and to be prepared with ten blank paper sheets (A4 format).

At the beginning of the exam, I will make the exam paper available to all students through the “Attività/Activites” feature on Microsoft Teams. You will then have 5 minutes to copy the questions on your blank paper sheets, in the very exact format.

After the initial 5 minutes, you should place your laptop in a position such that your entire working area is shown, including your hands and the whole desk you are sitting at. This may require placing your laptop sufficiently far away from you; please, get prepared beforehand by testing the correct position for your laptop. On your desktop, you can have only some writing instruments and a calculator. You must keep your mobile phone with you, keeping it face down and leaving it untouched for the duration of the exam.

Please write on the top of each page your name and the number of the question you are answering. If your answer is more than one page long, repeat this info on all the pages and write clearly the page number on each sheet.

At the end of the exam, when you are given permission to do so, you can use your mobile phone to scan all your (used) sheets of paper and upload them on Microsoft Teams through the “Attività/Activites” feature. You have only 5 minutes to do so; only files updated within these 5 minutes will be graded.

The camera and the microphone on your laptop will have to be on and functioning for the entire duration of the exam. Failure to do so may result in you being disqualified from the exam.


The exam is a single two-hour and a quarter unseen examination on the two parts "Industrial Organization" and "Public Policy". The overall mark will be the average (with weights 2/3 and 1/3) of the mark in the two parts. If the student fails, or chooses to reject the mark awarded, then he/she must resit the entire exam. At the discretion of the lecturer, assessed exercises done in class may contribute to the final mark awarded for each part.

For all students, it is not possible to retake the exam in a different appello of the same sessione. For the purposes of this rule, a student is considered to have taken an exam after having been distributed the exam paper.