EN
IT
Obiettivi Formativi
Grazie a questo corso, gli studenti saranno in grado di:
a) Italiano
CONOSCENZA E CAPACITÀ DI COMPRENSIONE:
- Acquisire e dimostrare padronanza dei concetti teorici e tecnici fondamentali relativi alla logica proposizionale e al calcolo dei predicati.
- Comprendere e saper applicare i metodi delle tavole di verità e degli alberi di refutazione (i) all’analisi delle argomentazioni espresse nel linguaggio naturale e (ii) alla comprensione e all’inquadramento dei problemi metodologici storicamente più rilevanti in filosofia della scienza.
- Identificare le teorie e i concetti chiave della filosofia della scienza, mostrare capacità di evidenziare le loro interconnessioni logiche e filosofiche.
Learning Objectives
Through this course, students will be able to:
KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION SKILLS:
- Acquire and demonstrate mastery of the fundamental theoretical and technical concepts concerning classical propositional logic and the predicate calculus.
- Understand and be able to apply the logical methods of truth tables and refutation trees (i) to the analysis of arguments expressed in the natural language and (ii) to the understanding of the most relevant methodological problems in general philosophy of science.
- Identify key theories and concepts in philosophy of science, show capability to highlight their logical and philosophical interconnections.
Programma
1. Il linguaggio della logica proposizionale classica
2. Tavole di verità, tautologie e contraddizioni
3. Il linguaggio del calcolo dei predicati e la relazione di identità
4. Verità in un modello, validità logica
5. Formalizzazione delle frasi nella lingua naturale
6. Ragionamento deduttivo vs. ragionamento induttivo
7. Tipi di inferenze induttive
8. Russell sulla conoscenza induttiva
9. La critica di Popper all'induttivismo nella filosofia della scienza
10. Il falsificazionismo di Popper
Program
Topic 1 The language of propositional classical logic
Topic 2 Truth tables, tautologies, and contradictions
Topic 3 The language of predicate calculus and the identity relation
Topic 4 Truth in a model, logical validity
Topic 5 Formalization of natural language sentences
Topic 6 Deductive vs inductive rasoning
Topic 7 Types of inductive inferences
Topic 8 Russell on inductive knowledge
Topic 9 Poppers criticism of inductivism in the philosophy of science
Topic 10 Popper's falsificationism
Testi Adottati
J. Nolt, A. Rohatyn, and A. Varzi. Logic, McGraw-Hill (Selected parts)
B. Russell. The Problems of Philosophy, OUP (Selected parts)
S. Okasha. Philosophy of Science, OUP
Books
J. Nolt, A. Rohatyn, and A. Varzi. Logic, McGraw-Hill (Selected parts)
B. Russell. The Problems of Philosophy, OUP (Selected parts)
S. Okasha. Philosophy of Science, OUP
Bibliografia
J. Nolt, A. Rohatyn, and A. Varzi. Logic, McGraw-Hill (Selected parts)
B. Russell. The Problems of Philosophy, OUP (Selected parts)
S. Okasha. Philosophy of Science, OUP
Bibliography
J. Nolt, A. Rohatyn, and A. Varzi. Logic, McGraw-Hill (Selected parts)
B. Russell. The Problems of Philosophy, OUP (Selected parts)
S. Okasha. Philosophy of Science, OUP
Modalità di svolgimento
In presenza
Teaching methods
In-class teaching
Regolamento Esame
Ai fini della valutazione, si utilizzerà lo schema che segue:
Non idoneo: importanti carenze e/o inesattezze nella conoscenza e comprensione degli argomenti; limitate o inesistenti capacità di risolvere gli esercizi proposti in maniera corretta e efficiente; limitate capacità critiche e di giudizio, gli argomenti sono esposti in modo non coerente e con un linguaggio inappropriato.
18-20: conoscenza e comprensione degli argomenti appena sufficiente con possibili imperfezioni; capacità di risolvere gli esercizi appena sufficiente; gli argomenti sono frequentemente esposti in modo poco coerente e con un linguaggio poco appropriato.
21-23: Mediocre conoscenza e comprensione degli argomenti; mediocre capacità di risolvere correttamente gli esercizi proposti; capacità di analisi e sintesi parzialmente corrette; gli argomenti sono sovente esposti in modo poco coerente e con un linguaggio poco appropriato.
24-26: Discreta conoscenza e comprensione degli argomenti; buone capacità di soluzione degli esercizi proposti; buona capacità di analisi e sintesi attraverso argomentazioni espresse in modo rigoroso ma con un linguaggio non sempre appropriato.
27-29: Conoscenza e comprensione degli argomenti quasi completa; notevoli capacità di analisi e sintesi; buona capacità di risolvere gli esercizi proposti; buona autonomia di giudizio. Gli argomenti sono esposti in modo rigoroso e con linguaggio appropriato.
30-30L: Ottimo livello di conoscenza e comprensione approfondita degli argomenti. Ottime capacità di analisi, sintesi e notevole autonomia di giudizio. Ottima capacità di risolvere gli esercizi in maniera efficiente, utilizzando le diverse tecniche proposte nel corso. Argomentazioni espresse in modo originale e con linguaggio tecnico appropriato.
Exam Rules
For assessment purposes, the following scheme will be used:
Not Suitable: major deficiencies and/or inaccuracies in knowledge and understanding of the topics; very limited capability to solve the proposed exercises correctly and efficiently; very limited critical and judgmental skills; topics are exposed inconsistently and with inappropriate language.
18-20: Barely sufficient knowledge and understanding of the topics, with possible generalizations and imperfections; barely sufficient ability to solve the proposed exercises; topics are frequently stated inconsistently and with inappropriate philosophical language.
21-23: Mediocre knowledge and understanding of the topics; mediocre capability to solve the proposed exercises correctly; mediocre capability of analysis and synthesis; the topics are frequently expounded inconsistently and with little appropriate language.
24-26: Fair knowledge and understanding of the topics; good ability to solve the proposed exercises; capability of analysis and synthesis through arguments expressed rigorously, yet the language is not always appropriate.
27-29: Comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the topics; remarkable ability of analysis and synthesis; very good ability to solve the proposed exercises; good capability to produce independent and original judgments. Topics expounded rigorously and with appropriate philosophical language
30-30L: Excellent level of knowledge and understanding of the topics associated with a great ability to produce original and coherent arguments. Excellent ability to solve the exercises in an efficient way by means of the different techniques proposed during the course.
Modalità di frequenza
In-class teaching
Attendance Rules
Attendance is required from the very first lesson and students are required to attend at least 80 % of the course to be considered an attending student.
EN
IT
Programma
1. Il linguaggio della logica proposizionale classica
2. Tavole di verità, tautologie e contraddizioni
3. Il linguaggio del calcolo dei predicati e la relazione di identità
4. Verità in un modello, validità logica
5. Formalizzazione delle frasi nella lingua naturale
6. Ragionamento deduttivo vs. ragionamento induttivo
7. Tipi di inferenze induttive
8. Russell sulla conoscenza induttiva
9. La critica di Popper all'induttivismo nella filosofia della scienza
10. Il falsificazionismo di Popper
Program
Topic 1 The language of propositional classical logic
Topic 2 Truth tables, tautologies, and contradictions
Topic 3 The language of predicate calculus and the identity relation
Topic 4 Truth in a model, logical validity
Topic 5 Formalization of natural language sentences
Topic 6 Deductive vs inductive rasoning
Topic 7 Types of inductive inferences
Topic 8 Russell on inductive knowledge
Topic 9 Poppers criticism of inductivism in the philosophy of science
Topic 10 Popper's falsificationism
Bibliografia
J. Nolt, A. Rohatyn, and A. Varzi. Logic, McGraw-Hill (Selected parts)
B. Russell. The Problems of Philosophy, OUP (Selected parts)
S. Okasha. Philosophy of Science, OUP
Bibliography
J. Nolt, A. Rohatyn, and A. Varzi. Logic, McGraw-Hill (Selected parts)
B. Russell. The Problems of Philosophy, OUP (Selected parts)
S. Okasha. Philosophy of Science, OUP
Modalità di svolgimento
In presenza.
Teaching methods
In-class teaching.
Regolamento Esame
L'esame consiste in un test scritto nel quale agli studenti verrà chiesto di risolvere alcuni esercizi di logica (proposizionale e del primo ordine), oltre a rispondere a domande aperte riguardanti la seconda parte del corso.
Exam Rules
The final exam consists in a written test in which the students will be asked to solve some exercises in logic (propositional and first order) as well as to answer open questions concerning the second part of the course.
Modalità di frequenza
La partecipazione è obbligatoria fin dalla prima lezione e agli studenti è richiesto di frequentare almeno l'80% del corso per essere considerati studenti frequentanti.
Attendance Rules
Attendance is required from the very first lesson and students are required to attend at least 80 % of the course to be considered an attending student.
Aggiornato A.A. 2022-2023
Aggiornato A.A. 2022-2023
Course Description
Reasoning is the process of extracting useful consequences from some sort of preassigned background knowledge. Logic concerns itself with correct reasoning and so, specularly, with detecting fallacious arguments. Needless to say, logic proves fundamental in any intellectual arena, including economics and politics; It also provides the basic toolkit for reflecting upon the methodology of empirical sciences and the nature of scientific knowledge.
The course is organized in two parts. The first will serve as an introduction to both classical propositional logic and the predicate calculus. Students will learn how to 'extract' the logical structure of sentences expressed in the natural language by means of the formalization process. They will also be trained to analyze formalized sentences by computing truth-tables and applying the method of refutation trees. Special attention will be devoted to the notions of valid and sound argument.
In the second part, students will be introduced to some of the central topics in the philosophy of science. In particular, we will focus attention upon the problem of inductivism. After analyzing the most important types of inductive reasoning (simple induction, statistical syllogism, induction by analogy, generalizations), we will consider Russell's position about inductivism as well as Popper's criticism. We will finally dwell on the most salient aspects of Popper's falsificationism.
Find more information in the Syllabus reported below:
Aggiornato A.A. 2021-2022
Aggiornato A.A. 2021-2022
Course description
Reasoning is the process of extracting useful consequences from some sort of preassigned background knowledge. Logic concerns itself with correct reasoning and so, specularly, with detecting fallacious arguments. Needless to say, logic proves fundamental in any intellectual arena, including economics and politics; It also provides the basic toolkit for reflecting upon the methodology of empirical sciences and the nature of scientic knowledge.
The course is organized in two parts. The first will serve as an introduction to both classical propositional logic and the predicate calculus. Students will learn how to 'extract' the logical structure of sentences expressed in the natural language by means of the formalization process. They will also be trained to analyze formalized sentences by computing truth-tables and applying the method of refutation trees. Special attention will be devoted to the notions of valid and sound argument.
In the second part, students will be introduced to some of the central topics in the philosophy of science. In particular, we will focus attention upon the problem of inductivism. After analyzing the most important types of inductive reasoning (simple induction, statistical syllogism, induction by analogy, generalizations), we will consider Russell's position about inductivism as well as Popper's criticism. We will finally dwell on the most salient aspects of Popper's falsificationism.
Aggiornato A.A. 2020-2021
Aggiornato A.A. 2020-2021
Course description
Reasoning is the process of extracting useful consequences from some sort of preassigned background knowledge. Logic concerns itself with correct reasoning, and so, specularly, with detecting fallacious arguments. Needless to say, logic proves fundamental in any intellectual arena, including economics and politics. This course aims at producing well-trained critical thinkers able to put forward sound arguments as well as to rebut flawed ones.
The course is organized in two parts. The first will serve as an introduction to classical propositional logic. Students will learn how to 'extract' the logical structure of sentences expressed in natural language by means of the formalization process. They will be trained to analyze formalized sentences by computing truth-tables and applying the method of semantic tableaux. Special attention will be also given to the notions of valid and sound argument.
The second part of the course will be devoted to introducing some key topics in philosophy of science. In particular, we shall be dealing with the opposition between science and pseudo-science as well as with the distinction between deductive and inductive reasoning. Finally, we will also dwell on Karl Popper's falsificationisms, especially in the light of the criticism this theory has received from Thomas Kuhn.
Find more information in the Syllabus
Prof.ssa Lucia Leonelli
